Senior foreign, defense, and military leaders from Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey met in Istanbul to establish a permanent secretariat and operational framework for the Mecca Alliance.

Discussions involved an international consortium including Qatar's Chevron, TI Capital, and UCC to map out economic implementation.

Iran's Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei issued a written message calling on regional Muslim nations to unite against the United States and Israel.

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi stated that intelligence reveals deliberate efforts by U.S. government personnel and media outlets to influence energy prices.

Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian confirmed an agreement with Oman on a passage route, making waterway access conditional on U.S. compliance with the Islamabad Memorandum.